Qhov tshwj xeeb ua tau zoo ntawm txhuam txhuam hauv kev pleev xim thiab kos duab tsim los ntawm cov qauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws cov qauv tsim thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ua ke. Nws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab sau ua peb theem kev sib txuas: "centripetal cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia- tswj kev tso tawm- adhesion thiab shaping." Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no yuav pab kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua nws cov txiaj ntsig hauv kev siv tswv yim.
Lub bristles ntawm ib puag ncig txhuam yog teem nyob rau hauv concentric los yog ze ntawm - voj voog, nrog rau cov hauv paus hniav txhav ruaj khov rau ib lub voj voog puag ncig. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias thaum lub zog sab nraud siv rau ntawm txhuam hniav, lub siab sib npaug sib npaug sib npaug mus rau txhua lub bristle. Cov qauv geometric no tsim cov nyhuv centripetal convergence. Thaum cov bristles yog raus rau hauv cov xim, capillary kev txiav txim thiab nto nro ua rau cov xim nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov bristle fibers thiab muab cia rau hauv lub bristle tuft. Tus nqi ntawm cov xim khaws cia yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov ntom, ntev, thiab hydrophilicity ntawm cov bristles. Cov plaub hau tsiaj ntuj, vim nws cov qauv scaly, ua rau thaj chaw saum npoo av thiab qhov chaw adsorption, yog li muaj cov xim muaj zog cia; hluavtaws fibers, ntawm qhov tod tes, cia siab rau siab -nrawm ceev thiab ib tug du nto los tswj tus nqi tso tawm, yoog raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov xim ntawm cov viscosities sib txawv.
Thaum lub sij hawm txhuam hniav, cov bristles deform nyob rau hauv lub siab, ua rau cov thawj clustered bristles unfurl, cia cov xim khaws cia yuav maj mam tso tawm raws li cov txhuam hniav sib cuag lub substrate. Vim tias lub siab txo qis ntawm qhov nruab nrab mus rau ntug, cov xim muaj qhov sib faib gradient, me ntsis thicker ntawm qhov chaw thiab thinner ntawm cov npoo. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau muaj kev pabcuam tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw pib thiab tso cai rau kev ua kom zoo li qub thaum txhuam hniav, txo cov txhuam hniav thiab hloov pauv sai ntawm cov tuab. Lub elasticity thiab resilience ntawm cov bristles txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm cov duab rov qab tom qab tso tawm: ib tug siab - zoo round txhuam sai sai rebounds rau nws thawj pawg pawg tom qab lub siab tso tawm, kom ntseeg tau tias zoo ib yam rau daim ntawv thov tom ntej.
Lub taub hau txhuam txhuam yog tus kheej - yoog raws thaum ua raws li cov substrate. Tig lub tiaj tus, nkhaus, los yog kaum qhov chaw, cov bristles tuaj yeem khoov kom haum rau cov duab yam tsis muaj qhov tsis sib xws, yog li ua tiav cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv hauv qhov tsis sib xws. Cov yam ntxwv no, ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau kev txhuam cov kev taw qhia (xws li tig tus txhuam txhuam kom haum cov txhuam hniav nrog cov contour tangent), zoo daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov chaw tsis nco qab lossis cov xim pleev xim uas feem ntau tshwm sim nrog txhuam txhuam ntawm cov ces kaum thiab cylindrical.
Cov khoom rheological ntawm cov xim sib cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txhuam hniav. High- Cov xim viscosity yuav tsum muaj siab dua los txhawb kev nthuav dav thiab tso tawm, thaum qis - cov xim viscosity zoo li ntws thaum txhuam, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tswj qhov tob tob thiab txhuam nrawm. Ambient kub thiab av noo cuam tshuam rau xim viscosity thiab nto nro, indirectly hloov qhov tso tawm profile ntawm lub teb txhuam. Qhov no xav kom cov neeg khiav dej num ua kom zoo- cov txheej txheem kho raws li kev ua haujlwm kom tswj tau cov txheej txheem sib xws thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhuam txhuam yog ib qho kev qhia dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem mechanics, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab cov dej dynamics. Nws ua tiav cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm centripetal convergence, ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm kev tso tawm elastic, thiab kov yeej cov teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj los ntawm nws cov duab hloov. Yog li ntawd, nws muab txoj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab hloov tau yooj yim hauv cov txheej txheem zoo thiab kev tsim duab kos duab, dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb txuas txuas cov cuab yeej kev ua tau zoo thiab cov hom phiaj txheej txheem.
